Pereboev D.D.1, Karabanov D.P.2, Efeykin B.D.1, Kotov A.A.1* 2024. The complete mitogenome of Podonevadne trigona (Sars, 1897) (Cladocera: Onychopoda: Podonidae) sheds light on the age of podonid differentiation // Arthropoda Selecta. Vol.33. No.1: 14–24 [in English].
1 A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071 Russia.
2 Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok 109, Yaroslavl Area 152742 Russia.
Dmitry Pereboev dm.pereboev@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8194-7585
Dmitry Karabanov dk@ibiw.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008
Boris Efeykin bocha19@yandex.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1153-9995
Alexey Kotov alexey-a-kotov@yandex.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8863-6438
* Corresponding author
doi: 10.15298/arthsel.33.1.02
ABSTRACT. In this study, we have sequenced and annotated the complete mitogenome of Podonevadne trigona (Sars, 1897) (Cladocera: Onychopoda: Podonidae) with the aim of to estimate the differentiation age of the podonid genera. The complete mitogenome of P. trigona (NCBI GenBank accession no. OR799522) has a length of 19222 bp, and includes 13 protein coding genes (PCG), 22 t-RNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a control region containing tandem repeats of 1409 bp. Due to a weak coverage and ambiguous results of some previous assemblages, our phylogenetic reconstruction was based on protein-coding loci only. Our molecular clock analysis included several approaches: (1) relaxed molecular clock with two calibration points; (2) strict molecular clock with a single calibration point; (3) strict molecular clock based on mutation rate of 1.4% per 1 MYR; (4) Optimised Relaxed Clock model with two calibration points. In all cases, even with maximally younger clades, the molecular clocks suggest a very old, Late Mesozoic to Early Cenozoic, differentiation of the Podonidae and even the genera within this family in contrast to opinion of Cristescu & Hebert [2002] about the Late Miocene podonid differentiation in the Pontian Sea-Lake existed just 6–7 MYA. We can roughly hypothesise that Podonidae was originated from a freshwater ancestor and differentiated as a coastal (maybe, an estuarine?) group already in Tethys, during Late Mesozoic, but then all genera (1st scenario) or a part of the genera (2nd scenario) survived in the Paratethys (then in the Sarmatian Sea, and then in the recent Ponto-Caspian basin).
KEY WORDS: Eurasia, Ponto-Caspian region, phylogeography, Crustacea.